Middleware, or “glue,” is a layer of software between the network and the applications. This software provides services such as identification, authentication, authorization, directories, and security. The Internet2 Middleware Initiative (I2MI) promotes standardization and interoperability and is working toward the deployment of core middleware services at Internet2 universities. I have

I learned to program in the 1970s. My first languages were FORTRAN, BASIC, Lisp, and GMAP (Honeywell assembler). I later learned RATFOR, B, C, and Pascal. I have been programming professionally since 1984. In the beginning I was programming in B on a Honeywell GCOS mainframe, writing small applications. Between